It is a widely known fact that our skin is our body’s largest organ and also has a distinctly important role as a gateway and barrier that stands between our internal parts and the harsher external environment. Daily, our skin bravely shields us against countless physical and microbial aggressors that we get exposed to, while also performing all the necessary physiological functions like regulating and secreting extracellular components throughout the epidermis and deeper dermal layers. The stem cells within the skin are very much responsible for this cell renewal, growth, and replacement of aged cells that work to maintain structural integrity and optimal functioning.
An event that will inevitably interrupt this functioning is the natural aging process, and as the skin and body get older, it can be understood that stem cell activity is expected to slow down, which also ends up depleting the quantity at which they are produced. Aging, which is mostly caused by genetics and biological processes, lowers cell turnover, collagen production, and elasticity. This changes the structure and functions of skin cells at the microcellular level. The epidermis becomes thinner and looser, melanin production is negatively affected, and there is a slowdown in wound healing, which leaves the skin more susceptible to injuries and affects skin pigmentation, putting the body at a higher risk of UV damage.
The additional environmental factors that impact the aging process can also contribute to the development of wrinkles, fine lines, and age spots, ranging from sun overexposure to smoking to poor nutrition. UV radiation is especially damaging to the collagen fibers and elastin, and chronic exposure to the sun will only encourage that and cause the skin to lose its youthful bounciness. Hyaluronic acid is also lost in the process, thereby reducing the skin’s ability to retain moisture and further contributing to the decline in skin laxity.
Stem cells are capable of differentiating into specialized cell types that can replace the injured or old cells, thus contributing towards tissue repair and renewal, but when the number of stem cells in our bodies decreases as we get older, it will inevitably lead to a less efficient healing process. The quality with which the skin restores itself over time is impaired when it is in a weakened state to defend itself against aging effects and other environmental damage. Dermatologists have explained that aged skin experiences a slowdown in epidermal cell turnover from 28 days to 40 days or more, bringing down glycoprotein production to subpar levels and causing the skin to sag more.
To counter this, replenish the old cells with new ones to reinvigorate cellular functioning. The exosomes that are derived from these stem cells have been shown to contain elements that have anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. They are the nano-sized vesicles formed and secreted by mammalian cells that comprise proteins, growth factors, and genetic information like RNA and DNA, and hold a powerful place in the process of skin regeneration and intercellular communication. Studies have demonstrated their abilities to promote collagen, effectively develop new blood vessels, and encourage the healing response of wound contraction. This leads to improved skin texture and the maintenance of a smooth and tightened complexion, in addition to reduced scar formation.
Molecular damage can also occur due to an imbalance between the unstable atoms that are linked to aging and different diseases, and the body’s counteractive antioxidant defenses, and this can result in oxidative stress. Exosomes have been shown to contain enzymes that can temper this impairment and reduce such stress, thereby preserving cellular function and delaying the onset of age-related degenerative changes. While the application of exosomes and stem cell proteins on aged skin may slow down the deterioration of the skin’s tissues and cells, the anti-aging effects are understandably more successful when the cells in question have not been exposed to extensive harm.
Within exosomes exist large amounts of bioactive molecules that have the power to boost stem cell activity, including proteins, nucleic acids, and genetic material that can all influence the extracellular matrix. By delivering these molecules to target cells, the exosomes activate the repair of damaged DNA, promote the regeneration of tissues, and boost the function of different organelles that are crucial for cellular energy production and overall skin health, not to mention the cohesive role it would play in skin elasticity and firmness. By modulating these kinds of cell activities, exosomes help rejuvenate aging tissues and maintain their functionality.
By stimulating tissue renewal through cell-to-cell communication and involving the integration of exosomes, stem cell technology can successfully target the decline in stem cell activity that is inherent with aging, and skincare and cosmeceuticals have fully embraced this. CALECIM® Professional is one such company that utilizes a proprietary ingredient called PTT-6® that is packed full of active ingredients and exosomes that, when applied topically and absorbed within the skin, will prompt its cells to rebuild and renew epidermal layers and improve hydration. Collagen and elastin production are given a boost through the administration of the PTT-6® ingredient, the latter of which supports the stretch and rebound of the skin and allows the dermis to be more resilient. The studies conducted in collaboration with the National University of Singapore have backed these results, revealing that this form of stem cell wound-healing technology inherently possesses anti-aging properties. So by manually activating the cells responsible for the naturally occurring repair processes, and modifying the skin’s cellular environment to encourage healing, this technology successfully turns the clock back for our skin.
Skincare solutions that incorporate exosomes and stem cells in their compounds have provided safe and effective methods to improve skin health and appearance while also contributing towards anti-aging treatments. With their ability to carry the essential biomolecules designed for repair, and to prompt cellular responses, these extracellular vesicles can induce promising outcomes of youthful, rejuvenated skin, making exosome-based therapies and topical solutions a very valuable tool for those looking for that tightening and lifting effect for their complexion.
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